What is Perineum?

Watch the video-Reconstruction of Male Perineum ...interesting

•Narrow region, Diamond-shaped

Between Mons Pubis/scrotum Anteriorly, between Medial Surface of thigh laterally and between Gluteal folds/Natal Cleft Posteriorly

•Boundaries

Bounded by bones forming pelvic outlet

Separated from pelvic cavity Fascia covering inferior surface of pelvic diaphragm and Pelvic Diaphragm (LEVATOR ANI)

Bones: Anterior: PUBIC SYMPHYSIS, Lateral: Ischial Tuberosities

Anterolateral: Ischio-pubic Rami, Posterolateral: Sacrotuberous ligament

Posterior: Sacrum, Coccyx

Superficial Structures of Perineum (Structures of Superficial Perineal Pouch, Lying beneath the Deep Fascia, which is called Colles' Fascia in this region)

•Inferior to PERINEAL MEMBRANE & Superior to PERINEAL Fascia (COLLES’ Fascia)

•Bounded laterally by Ischio-pubic ramus:

•Superficial Perineal Pouch (open & Continuous with scrotum, penis & ant abd.wall)

•Contents

Male: Bulb of penis, part of body penis                                                                                                ----Bulbospongiosus,  --Ischiocavernosus muscles

--Superficial Transversus perineal muscles

--Proximal part of spongy urethra

--Perineal branches of internal pudendal vessels and pudendal nerve

Female: Clitoris,                                                                                                                              --Ischiocavernosus Muscle, 

--Bulb of vestibule & surrounding Bulbospongiosus muscle (lying beneath labia majora);              --Greater Vestibular glands, ---Superficial Transverse Perineal muscles

-Perineal branches of internal pudendal vessels and pudendal nerve

My Research Artcles

(2013) Effect of intra-cisternal application of kainic acid on the spinal cord and locomotor activity in rats

(2012) Evaluation of the neurotoxic effects of ethanol on the cerebellar and cortical neurospheres isolated from E14 mouse embryo

(2012) A comparison of neurotoxicity in cerebellum produced by dermal application of chlorpyrifos in young and adult mice

(2011) The effect of consequent exposure of stress and dermal application of low doses of chlorpyrifos on the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein in the hippocampus of adult mice

(2011) Neuroprotective effect of bioflavonoid quercetin in 6-hydroxydopamine-induced oxidative stress biomarkers in the rat striatum

(2010) Evaluation of difference in the neurotoxicity produced by dermal application of chlorpyrifos on the neonatal and adult mice

(2009) Effect of concurrent application of heat, swim stress and repeated dermal application of chlorpyrifos on the hippocampal neurons in mice.

(2008) Effect of chronic ethanol exposure on the count of cerebellar Purkinje cells and motor coordination in adult mice

(2008) EVALUATION OF NEUROTOXICITY OF REPEATED DERMAL APPLICATION OF CHLORPYRIFOS ON HIPPOCAMPUS OF ADULT MICE